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Owing to labour migration in the 1960s and several waves of political refugees since the 1970s, Islam has become a visible religion in Germany.〔("Rauf Ceylan: Muslims in Germany: Religious and Political Challenges and Perspectives in the Diaspora ),〕 According to a national census conducted in 2011, 1.9% of Germany's population (around 1.5m people) declared themselves as Muslim. However, this is likely to underestimate the true number, given that many respondents may have exercised their right not to state their religion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22727898 )〕 An estimate made in 2009 calculated that there are 4.3 million Muslims in Germany (5.4% of the population). Of these, 1.9 million are German citizens (2.4%).〔http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4419533,00.html〕 As of 2006, about 15,000 converts are of German ancestry. According to the German statistical office 9.1% of all newborns in Germany had Muslim parents in 2005.〔 Frank Gesemann. "(Die Integration junger Muslime in Deutschland ). (Interkultureller Dialog - Islam und Gesellschaft ) Nr. 5 (year of 2006). Friedrich Ebert Foundation, on p. 8 - the document is written in German 〕 ==Demographics== Islam is the largest minority religion in the country, with the Protestant and Roman Catholic confessions being the majority religions. The large majority of Muslims in Germany are of Turkish origin (63.2%), followed by smaller groups from Pakistan, countries of the former Yugoslavia, Arab countries, Iran and Afghanistan. Most Muslims live in Berlin and the larger cities of former West Germany. However, unlike in most other European countries, sizeable Muslim communities exist in some rural regions of Germany, especially Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and parts of Bavaria and North Rhine-Westphalia. Owing to the lack of labour immigration before 1989, there are only very few Muslims in the former East Germany. The majority of Muslims in Germany are Sunnis, at 75%. There are some members of the Shia (7%) and mostly from Iran. Some members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (1%), most of whom are of Pakistani origin,but it is to be noted that the Ahmadiyya are not considered as Muslims by the mainstream Islam. The Ahmadiyya comprise a minority of Germany's Muslims, numbering some 60,000 members in more than 200 communities as of 2004.〔Ala Al-Hamarneh, Jörn Thielmann. (Islam and Muslims in Germany ). BRILL, 2008. ISBN 90-04-15866-9, ISBN 978-90-04-15866-5. Pg 310〕 Most Turkish Muslims are Sunnis, but between a fifth and a quarter are believed to be Alevis. The Alevis are a heterodox religious and cultural community officially not recognized by the Turkish state, who account for between a fifth and a quarter of the population (more than 15 million people) in their native Turkey. Most Alevites embrace tolerance and secularism, which helps them to integrate into mainstream German society much better than other belief systems. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islam in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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